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Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2008 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
February 25, 2009
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" Citizens do not have the right to change their government or their political system; however, the constitution provides for a democratically elected Council of Deputies, the lower house of parliament. The king appoints the prime minister, who then proposes cabinet ministers. Members of the royal family held all strategic cabinet ministry positions and approximately half of all ministerial slots.
The bicameral National Assembly consists of the 40-member popularly elected Council of Deputies and the 40-member appointed Shura (Consultative) Council.
Members of either house may propose legislation, but the Office of Legal Affairs, a quasi-independent body linked to the MOJIA, drafts the actual text of bills.
The king may veto bills passed by the National Assembly, which in turn may override a veto by a two--thirds majority vote. If the legislature overrides a veto, the king must promulgate the bill into law within one month. Since the reopening of parliament in 2002, the king has not vetoed any legislation, and the government has not submitted any bill to parliament that a member of either council proposed.
The king may dissolve the Council of Deputies at his discretion. He retains the power to amend the constitution and to propose, ratify, and promulgate laws. Either council may question government ministers, and the Council of Deputies may require a minister's resignation with a two-thirds majority vote of no confidence. The Council of Deputies may introduce a resolution indicating it cannot cooperate with the prime minister, in which case the joint National Assembly would have the option to pass the resolution by a two‑thirds majority, requiring the king to either dismiss the prime minister or dissolve the Council of Deputies. The situation of a no-confidence vote has never arisen."
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Reade more....
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Thursday, February 26, 2009
Forwarding Service
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It is expected that the applicants for both fellowships have a thorough knowledge of Arabic and English. The thesis may be written in Danish or English. The PhD program is a three year program.
Both PhD candidates will be employed at the Faculty of Humanities and will be enrolled at the Graduate School of the Faculty of Humanities.
For more information on CNIO see http://islamicpublicsphere.hum.ku.dk.
Contact person is Professor Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen (jsp@hum.ku.dk).
For more information on the Danish Institute in Damascus see http://www.damaskus.dk .
Contact person is Director HC Korsholm Nielsen (did@aloola.sy).
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1. Two PhD fellowships on Arabic Media Studies at the Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen
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The Graduate School at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Copenhagen invites applications for 2 PhD fellowships expected to begin on September 1st 2009 within the following areas:
a) Syrian TV-serials: Since the early 1990s, a private Syrian TV industry has emerged producing serials for Arab satellite TV. The PhD project proposal should be centered on this new phenomenon. The project can analyze the production environment, the production and content of the serials themselves, or the reception of the serials by Arab audiences.
This PhD fellowship is co-financed by the new Islamic Public Sphere Programme (CNIO), the Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen and the Danish Institute in Damascus, Syria. The selected candidate will primarily be affiliated with the Danish Institute in Damascus where most of the allotted work that the candidate has to fulfil will take place. The selected candidate will also be affiliated with and receive supervision from the staff at CNIO.
b) Islam in Arab Media: The project proposal should have a special emphasis on how various expressions of Islam affect the Arab Media. Potential studies could take up production environments, e.g. specific TV channels or web portals. It could also be centred on particular genres, media-personalities or audiences.
This PhD fellowship is financed by the New Islamic Public Sphere Programme (CNIO) at the Department of Cross Cultural and Regional Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen. The selected candidate will be affiliated with and receive supervision from the staff at CNIO.
a) Syrian TV-serials: Since the early 1990s, a private Syrian TV industry has emerged producing serials for Arab satellite TV. The PhD project proposal should be centered on this new phenomenon. The project can analyze the production environment, the production and content of the serials themselves, or the reception of the serials by Arab audiences.
This PhD fellowship is co-financed by the new Islamic Public Sphere Programme (CNIO), the Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen and the Danish Institute in Damascus, Syria. The selected candidate will primarily be affiliated with the Danish Institute in Damascus where most of the allotted work that the candidate has to fulfil will take place. The selected candidate will also be affiliated with and receive supervision from the staff at CNIO.
b) Islam in Arab Media: The project proposal should have a special emphasis on how various expressions of Islam affect the Arab Media. Potential studies could take up production environments, e.g. specific TV channels or web portals. It could also be centred on particular genres, media-personalities or audiences.
This PhD fellowship is financed by the New Islamic Public Sphere Programme (CNIO) at the Department of Cross Cultural and Regional Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen. The selected candidate will be affiliated with and receive supervision from the staff at CNIO.
It is expected that the applicants for both fellowships have a thorough knowledge of Arabic and English. The thesis may be written in Danish or English. The PhD program is a three year program.
Both PhD candidates will be employed at the Faculty of Humanities and will be enrolled at the Graduate School of the Faculty of Humanities.
For more information on CNIO see http://islamicpublicsphere.hum.ku.dk.
Contact person is Professor Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen (jsp@hum.ku.dk).
For more information on the Danish Institute in Damascus see http://www.damaskus.dk .
Contact person is Director HC Korsholm Nielsen (did@aloola.sy).
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2. 16th International DAVO Congress on "Contemporary Research on the Middle East", Bonn, Germany, 8 - 10 October 2009
The German Middle East Studies Association for Contemporary Research and Documentation (DAVO) is calling for papers for its 16th International Congress. The conference will be held at the University of Bonn.
Papers on all fields of contemporary Middle East studies and the impact of this region on other parts of the world are welcome. Middle East studies are understood to include disciplines relevant to the study of an area comprising all members of the League of Arab States, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Israel and the Muslim states of the former USSR.
Deadline for registration of papers and panels including abstract of 300 words: 1 July 2009.
Conference languages: English and German
For registration form and further information see http://davo.uni-mainz.de or contact Mrs Amke Dietert, e-mail: adietert@web.de
The German Middle East Studies Association for Contemporary Research and Documentation (DAVO) is calling for papers for its 16th International Congress. The conference will be held at the University of Bonn.
Papers on all fields of contemporary Middle East studies and the impact of this region on other parts of the world are welcome. Middle East studies are understood to include disciplines relevant to the study of an area comprising all members of the League of Arab States, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Israel and the Muslim states of the former USSR.
Deadline for registration of papers and panels including abstract of 300 words: 1 July 2009.
Conference languages: English and German
For registration form and further information see http://davo.uni-mainz.de or contact Mrs Amke Dietert, e-mail: adietert@web.de
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Wednesday, February 25, 2009
Dennis Ross Appointed Special Envoy to West Asia & the Gulf
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Thanks to AbuBadia
[EPJ]
[EPJ]
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" This is a bad development for peace and accommodation in the Gulf. Dennis Ross will not be received well by the Iranian or the Arabs in the Gulf.
His involvement with Palestine in which he showed clear bias to Israel will not fair well. The development will be bad for the Iraq policy reassessment as well.Since he left his post with Palestinian-Israel negotiations he has been working with a pro-Israeli institute, from Al-Ahram weekly, 19-25 Feb 2009:"
He was a co-founder of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP ), which in turn is closely associated with the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), the main striking force of the Israeli lobby in America."
Also from Juan Cole, Feb 5, 2009:"Meanwhile, it is rumored that among the main shapers of Obama's Iran policy will be Dennis Ross, the head of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, the think tank of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee.
During Ross's tenure there, the WINEP website carried a call to bomb Iran; a paper arguing that nothing bad would happen if the US did bomb Iran; and it listed as a WINEP associate Daniel Pipes, who spent most of his waking hours during the past year decrying Barack Obama as a stealth Muslim and an apostate (which was it?) and who has repeatedly said racist things about Muslims.
Turning Iran policy over to the Israel lobbies, the major agitators for a US war on Iran, is a very bad idea, and if this goes forward Obama will be signalling that there will not in fact be a new US-Iran relationship."
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The Washington Post article:Veteran Mideast Envoy Ross Named to Advise Clinton on Iran Strategy
By Glenn Kessler
Washington Post Staff Writer
Tuesday, February 24, 2009; A04
Dennis Ross, a longtime diplomatic troubleshooter, has been appointed as a special adviser to Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, with responsibility for developing a strategy for engaging Iran.
The State Department notice of his appointment issued late last night did not mention Iran, and his official title is vague: adviser to the secretary of state for the Gulf and Southwest Asia. State Department officials said the title is a euphemism for Iran and issues affected by Iran's actions; it was kept obscure because Washington has not had diplomatic relations with Tehran since shortly after the Iranian revolution three decades ago.
President Obama has said he would like to engage with Iran and break through the years of antagonism between the two countries in an effort to stem Tehran's support of terrorism and pursuit of a nuclear weapon.
Ross "will provide to the Secretary and senior State Department officials strategic advice and perspective on the region" and "coordinate with senior officials in the development and formulation of new policy approaches," State Department spokesman Robert A. Wood said in a statement.
The statement noted that "this is a region in which America is fighting two wars and facing challenges of ongoing conflict, terror, proliferation, access to energy, economic development and strengthening democracy and the rule of law."
Read the rest on-linehttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-n/content/article/2009/02/23/AR2009022302674.html "
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Thursday, February 19, 2009
Al Khalifa, Hamad Bin Isa
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(* Readable but slightly altered bio from the original piece I wrote for the Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East. 2007, ISBN 13: 9781414418889 ).
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Al Khalifa, Khalifa Bin Salman
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(* Readable but slightly altered bio from the original piece I wrote for the Biographical Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East. 2007, ISBN 13: 9781414418889 ).
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Wednesday, February 18, 2009
Bahrain remains on the watch list
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"
Trafficking in persons:
current situation:
Bahrain is a destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; men and women from Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia migrate voluntarily to Bahrain to work as laborers or domestic servants where some face conditions of involuntary servitude such as unlawful withholding of passports, restrictions on movements, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse; women from Thailand, Morocco, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia are trafficked to Bahrain for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating:
Tier 2 Watch List -
Bahrain is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show evidence of increased efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly efforts that enforce laws against trafficking in persons, and that prevent the punishment of victims of trafficking; during 2007, Bahrain passed a comprehensive law prohibiting all forms of trafficking in persons; the government also established a specialized anti-trafficking unit within the Ministry of Interior to investigate trafficking crimes; however, the government did not report any prosecutions or convictions for trafficking offenses during 2007, despite reports of a substantial problem of involuntary servitude and sex trafficking (2008) "
Source: CIA- The World Factbook
(last updated on 10 February 2009)
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"
Trafficking in persons:
current situation:
Bahrain is a destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; men and women from Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia migrate voluntarily to Bahrain to work as laborers or domestic servants where some face conditions of involuntary servitude such as unlawful withholding of passports, restrictions on movements, non-payment of wages, threats, and physical or sexual abuse; women from Thailand, Morocco, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia are trafficked to Bahrain for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating:
Tier 2 Watch List -
Bahrain is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show evidence of increased efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly efforts that enforce laws against trafficking in persons, and that prevent the punishment of victims of trafficking; during 2007, Bahrain passed a comprehensive law prohibiting all forms of trafficking in persons; the government also established a specialized anti-trafficking unit within the Ministry of Interior to investigate trafficking crimes; however, the government did not report any prosecutions or convictions for trafficking offenses during 2007, despite reports of a substantial problem of involuntary servitude and sex trafficking (2008) "
Source: CIA- The World Factbook
(last updated on 10 February 2009)
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Tuesday, February 17, 2009
RE: Madrid Club recommendations
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This is a good backgrounder to the recommendations delivered to the Bahraini king
03/07/2008 By Edward Burke
Quote
"Bahrain’s top-down reforms, initiated by King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa in 2001, were a welcome respite for a population weary of the violence and state repression that characterised much of the preceding decade.
King Hamad’s relatively benign treatment of CSOs and his tolerance for a wider degree of freedom of expression has won international praise, most effusively from the United States.
The lack of legislative and judicial reform however, means that Bahrain’s political societies, CSOs, journalists and trade unions continue to operate under flawed and inconsistently applied legislation.
Restrictive legislation such as the associations’ law, public gatherings law and the legislation governing trade unions and the media urgently require amendment to concretely secure the rights which Bahrain is required to observe under its international obligations, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
As the 10th year of King Hamad’s reign approaches, in this working paper, Ed Burke argues that Bahrain has reached an impasse in its reform processDownload the full version of this publication, available in here " Unquote
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Thursday, February 12, 2009
تكريم سعدي يوسف
. عن القدس العربي
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لمناسبة المعرض الدولي للكتاب بالدار البيضاء: تكريم سعدي يوسف
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عبداللطيف الوراري
الدارالبيضاء ـ
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بمناسبة معرض الدارالبيضاء للكتاب، سوف تتوجّه أنظار الجمهور يوم الأحد 15 شباط (فبراير)2009 بقاعة محمود درويش إلى واحدٍ من أهمّ فعاليات الدورة، يتمثّل في تكريم الشاعر العراقي سعدي يوسف، آخر روّاد القصيدة الحديثة الذي لم يكلّ، منذ نصف قرنٍ عاصِف، عن تجديدها وتطوير دوالّها ومحكيّاتها الرئيسية، حتّى عُدّ وجهاً بازغاً في تاريخ الشعرية العربية برُمّتها. ويرتبط سعدي بقناع الأخضر بن يوسف، مثلما هو معروف لدى قرّائه بعبارات دالّة تُلخِّص جوانب من شخصيّته الشعرية المميَّزة مثل 'شاعر التفاصيل'، 'شاعر النبرة الخافتة' و 'شاعر الأعماق الشفيفة'.ا
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وسوف يكون الشاعر سعدي يوسف في حفل التكريم، الذي ينظّم له لأوّل مرة ببلدٍ أحبّه وكتب عنه مثل المغرب، محاطاً بشعراء ونقّاد مغاربة من مختلف الأجيال والحساسيّات في شهادات تعكس حجم حضوره في مُتخيَّل القصيدة المغربية الحديثة وجسدها، هم محمد الأشعري والمهدي أخريف ومحمود عبد الغني وحسن مخافي وصلاح بوسريف وعبداللطيف الوراري.ا
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وعلى هامش ذلك، يوقّع الشاعر سعدي يوسف كتابيه الجديدين الّذين صدرا عن 'دار الجمل' كولِن ـ بيروت، قبل أيامٍ. الأوّل: قصائد الحديقة العامة، في حوالَي مئة صفحة ويضمّ نصوصاً كُتِبَتْ بين الحادي عشر من أيلول (سبتمبر) 2007 والرابع والعشرين من حزيران 2008. والثاني: الأعمال الشعرية ـ المجلد السادس، عن الدار نفسها. يقع المجلد السادس في أكثر من خمسمئة صفحة، ويضمّ ستّ مجموعاتٍ شعرية هي بالترتيب كما تأتي: صلاة الوثنيّ/ حفيد امرئ القيس/ الشيوعيّ الأخير يدخل الجنّة/ أغنية صيّاد السمك/ قصائد نيويورك/ قصائد الحديقة العامّة.ا
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وتجدر الإشارة إلى أنّ هذا اللقاء الاحتفائي الذي يقدّمه الناقد الأدبي بنعيسى بوحمالة بحضور العراقيّين الشاعر والناشر خالد المعالي والكاتب صاحب كيكا وبانيبال صمويل شمعون، يأتي تكريساً لشعار 'مملكة الكتاب'، حيث يتم إشراك الجمهور الذي سوف يقصد المعرض، في برنامج ثقافي متكامل يتضمن لقاءات مباشرة مع المبدعين والمفكرين والنقاد، وموائد مستديرة حول العديد من الكتب والتجارب الإبداعية والقضايا الثقافية الملحة، وجلسات تذكارية مهداة لبعض أبرز الأسماء الراحلة في غضون السنة الماضية، وجلسات تكريمية لبعض الأسماء الوازنة مغربياً وعربياً ودولياً، فضلاً عن العديد من الندوات والقراءات والمحاضرات المبرمجة على شرف السنغال وبلدان جنوب الصحراء.
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Feb 12
2009
Friday, February 06, 2009
كان الله في عون الناس
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قبل أيام أعلن مصدر مسئول في وزارة الداخلية إن إحدى دورياتها الأمنية التي كانت تجوب منطقة عالي فجر في الرابع من فبراير 2009 لاحظت شخصين ملثمين وهما يحاولان إشعال الحريق في السيارة التي كانا يقلانها. وعندما شاهدا الدورية تركا السيارة ولاذا بالفرار. وأضاف المصدر الأمني أن الدورية وجدت أسطوانة غاز كبيرة الحجم بداخل السيارة التي تبين أنها مسروقة. إنتهى الخبر الذي كان يمكن أن يبقى خبراً عن جريمة سرقة مزدوجة. ولكن الداخلية لم تنتظر إنتهاء تحرياتها. فأعلنت عبر إعلامييها أن وجود إسطوانة الغاز في السيارة يعني إنها "سيارة مفخخة". ا
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من الممكن إعتبار تسرع المصدر الأمني المسئول خطأً مهنياً. وسبحان من لا يخطئ. إلا أن الوزارة لم تتراجع عن تسرعها قبل إنتهاء التحريات. بل لقد رأيناها تضخم الموضوع عن طريق ما يكتبه إعلاميون يعتبرون كلام الداخلية كلاماً منّزّلاً لا يأتيه الباطل لا من أمامه ولا من خلفه. ا
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لا لم يكن تسرع المصدر الأمني المسئول خطأً عابراً بل هو ينسجم مع النهج التصعيدي التي تتبعه وزارة الداخلية منذ شهور. فمنذ السادس من نوفمبر الماضي يمكن ملاحظة تسلسل الإجراءات التصعيدية التي تتخذها وزارة الداخلية والأجهزة التابعة لها. فقبل ثلاثة أشهر نشرت الصحف تصريحاً لوزير الداخلية بقصد التوعية و التنبيه إلى مخاطر مشاركة المواطنين من النواب و أعضاء الجمعيات السياسية في اجتماعات أو مؤتمرات أو ندوات في الخارج أو قيامهم ببحث الأوضاع والشؤون الداخلية المحلية مع ممثلي دول أو منظمات أو هيئات أجنبية. ونشرت الصحف أيضاً نصوص مواد في قانون العقوبات تفرض عقوبة الحبس لمن يحضر هذه اللقاءات من المواطنين مهما كانت صفته أو صفتها دون الحصول على ترخيص من الحكومة. وحتى في حالة حصول مواطن أو مواطنة على تصريح مسبق فيجب ألا تتضمن مشاركتهما ما قد تعتبره الوزارة معلومات "مغرضة". ا
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لقراءة بقية الملاحظات أنقر هنا
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Tuesday, February 03, 2009
فاز الجميع
إنهمرت الجوائز وفاز الجميع
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وفقا لما ورد بجريدة "الخليج" الإماراتية أعلن رئيس مجلس إدارة مركز البديل للاستشارات وتنظيم الفعاليات والمؤتمرات عادل المرزوقي، أن مجلس أمناء جائزة العمل الإنساني اختار الفائزين بالدورة الثانية للجائزة والتي تم تخصيصها للجهود المساندة لأهل غزة خلال العدوان الإسرائيلي.
فاز الشيخ حمدان بن زايد آل نهيان نائب رئيس مجلس الوزراء رئيس مكتب تنسيق المساعدات الخارجية رئيس هيئة الهلال الأحمر بجائزة العمل الإنساني لدول مجلس التعاون الخليجي لدوره في إطلاق حملة دعم غزة
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وفاز الشيخ ناصر بن حمد آل خليفة رئيس المؤسسة الملكية الخيرية في البحرين
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وفاز الشيخ ناصر بن حمد آل خليفة رئيس المؤسسة الملكية الخيرية في البحرين
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و فازت عقيلة أمير قطر الشيخة موزة بنت ناصر المسند رئيس مجلس إدارة مؤسسة قطر للتربية والعلوم وتنمية المجتمع
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وفاز مجلس الأمة الكويتي ورئيسة جاسم الخرافي
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وفاز علي بن مسعود السنيدي وزير الشؤون الرياضية في سلطنة عمان، ومن السعودية فاز الشيخ صالح بن عبد العزيز وآل الشيخ وزير الشؤون الاسلامية والأوقاف والإرشاد
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وعقد مركز البديل مؤتمراً صحافياً لإعلان الفائزين بالدورة الثانية للجائزة حيث سيتم تكريم الفائزين خلال شهر ابريل المقبل في فعالية يتم الاعداد لها تكريماً لهذه الجهود التي عكست الصورة الايجابية لدول وحكومات مجلس التعاون الخليجي. ا
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وحول معايير اختيار المشاريع الفائزة ذكر المرزوقي ان مركز البديل وضع معيارين لترشح المشاريع الخيرية الفائزة هما ان تكون المبادرة أو المؤسسة الإنسانية حكومية أو قامت بدعم حكومي وأن لا يقتصر نشاط المؤسسة على موطن نشأتها
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Monday, February 02, 2009
Concerns about recent arrests and allegations of torture
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AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
Public Statement
30 January 2009
AI Index: MDE 11/001/2009
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Amnesty International has written to the Bahraini government expressing serious concern about the continuing detention of two prominent Shi’a opposition activists and about allegations that 13 people arrested in December 2008 were tortured and otherwise ill-treated before their "confessions" were broadcast on television.
In the early hours of 26 January 2009 Hassan Meshaima’, aged 61 and leader of the unauthorized al-Haq political association, ‘Abd al-Jalil al-Singace, spokesperson of the same association, and Mohammad Habib al-Muqdad, a religious scholar, were arrested from their homes by security officials and taken to the Dry Dock Prison in al-Muharraq. They were later questioned for several hours in the presence of their lawyers and then charged with terrorism-related offences. ‘Abd al-Jalil al-Singace was released on bail on 27 January, but the other two are still being held. All three reportedly deny the charges.
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Read more
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AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
Public Statement
30 January 2009
AI Index: MDE 11/001/2009
Amnesty International has written to the Bahraini government expressing serious concern about the continuing detention of two prominent Shi’a opposition activists and about allegations that 13 people arrested in December 2008 were tortured and otherwise ill-treated before their "confessions" were broadcast on television.
In the early hours of 26 January 2009 Hassan Meshaima’, aged 61 and leader of the unauthorized al-Haq political association, ‘Abd al-Jalil al-Singace, spokesperson of the same association, and Mohammad Habib al-Muqdad, a religious scholar, were arrested from their homes by security officials and taken to the Dry Dock Prison in al-Muharraq. They were later questioned for several hours in the presence of their lawyers and then charged with terrorism-related offences. ‘Abd al-Jalil al-Singace was released on bail on 27 January, but the other two are still being held. All three reportedly deny the charges.
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Read more
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Documenting the war on Gaza
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From Kawther Salam -
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From Kawther Salam -
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"The Israeli Attorney General Menachem Mazuz is conniving with others the war crimes committed in Gaza. These others are Ehud Barak, Ehud Olmert and his cabinet of criminals, and the military counterpart, Brigadier General Avihai Mandelblit. Chief of Staff Gabi Ashkenazi is equally involved in the war crimes in Gaza. The Attorney General of Israel asked his military counterpart to open a quick investigation among the military as an "alternative" measure to hinder potentially "hundreds" of international lawsuits against Israeli officials alleging war crimes against the Gaza population during the operation has been widely anticipated.
"The Israeli Attorney General Menachem Mazuz is conniving with others the war crimes committed in Gaza. These others are Ehud Barak, Ehud Olmert and his cabinet of criminals, and the military counterpart, Brigadier General Avihai Mandelblit. Chief of Staff Gabi Ashkenazi is equally involved in the war crimes in Gaza. The Attorney General of Israel asked his military counterpart to open a quick investigation among the military as an "alternative" measure to hinder potentially "hundreds" of international lawsuits against Israeli officials alleging war crimes against the Gaza population during the operation has been widely anticipated.
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Read and See more Photos About the Israeli War Criminals here "
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